The easiest way to do this is probably to use the Microsoft MAPI control.
This DevArticles tutorial (with downloadable source code) rushes through an explanation of MAPI. A lot of detail is left out but it's quick and easy to try it out.
Beware, however, there is a bug in the program that prevents the Forward and Back button from working correctly. A quick fix on the bug is to add this declaration in the Declarations section of the program:
Dim lposition
Sending Email With MAPI Components in Visual Basic
At a lower level, you need to know about SMTP, the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.
Here's an article about that ...
Winsock and SMTP Explained
And, finally, from the Mother of all Mysteries: Microsoft - Here's an article explaining the objects available with Outlook.
Objects in Microsoft Outlook by Microsoft
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